ADHD

What is ADHD?

ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It's a condition where a child's brain works differently to most other people. Children with ADHD may find it hard to concentrate, sit still, or control their impulses. It's important to know that ADHD is not caused by bad parenting or the child being naughty.

What are the signs of ADHD?

ADHD symptoms usually start before age 12. There are three main types of signs to look for:

Problems with attention:

• Getting easily distracted
• Finding it hard to listen or follow instructions
• Forgetting everyday tasks like brushing teeth or putting on socks

Being hyperactive:

• Having very high energy levels
• Fidgeting or tapping hands and feet constantly
• Talking loudly
• Finding it hard to sit still when they should

Being impulsive:

• Finding it hard to wait their turn
• Interrupting conversations
• Acting without thinking

Most children with ADHD show signs from both groups. Some children only show one type of behaviour.

Important: Many young children (especially under 5) are naturally energetic, easily distracted, and impulsive. This doesn't mean they have ADHD - they might just be tired, worried, or stressed.

When should I get help?

If you're worried about your child's behaviour, start by talking to their teacher. The teacher can refer you to the school's special educational needs coordinator (SENCO). They can help with classroom support and building your child's confidence.

If you're still concerned or think your child needs more help, speak to your GP. The GP will ask about your child's symptoms and how they affect daily life. They'll also consider other conditions that might cause similar behaviours, such as autism or anxiety.

Getting an ADHD assessment

If support at home and school isn't helping enough, you can ask for an ADHD assessment. Speak to your GP or SENCO to request this.

Warning: Waiting times for ADHD assessments can be very long - sometimes several months or years. Your GP might be able to find a clinic with shorter waiting lists using the Right to Choose scheme.

During the assessment, an ADHD specialist will talk to you and your child about symptoms and family life. They may ask teachers for information and might give your child a computer test.

How can ADHD be managed?

There are several ways to help a child with ADHD:

At home:

• Make time for physical activities they enjoy
• Help them get regular sleep
• Provide healthy, balanced meals at regular times
• Keep a food diary if certain foods seem to affect their behaviour

At school:

• Break tasks into 15-20 minute chunks with breaks
• Give clear, simple instructions one at a time
• Use reward charts and praise good behaviour

Medicine: Only ADHD specialists can start ADHD medicines. Not every child needs or wants to take medicine.

Talking therapies: Some children benefit from talking therapies to help with problem-solving and expressing feelings.

Red flag warning

Children with ADHD are at higher risk of mental health problems, including thoughts of self-harm. If you're worried about your child's mental health, seek help immediately. Contact your GP, call 111, or go to A&E if you're concerned about their safety.

Getting support

Many organisations offer support for families affected by ADHD, including ADHD UK and Young Minds. Local support groups can also be very helpful.

Remember, with the right support, children with ADHD can do well at school and in life. Speak to your GP if you have any concerns about your child's behaviour or wellbeing.

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Based on NHS.uk guidance. Written by Dr Krishnan Pasupathi, NHS GP.