IBS

What is IBS?

IBS stands for irritable bowel syndrome. It's a very common condition that affects your digestive system - the parts of your body that break down and process food.

If you have IBS, your bowel (the part where waste is stored before you go to the toilet) becomes more sensitive than usual. This can cause uncomfortable symptoms, but it doesn't damage your bowel or cause serious health problems.

IBS affects about 1 in 5 people in the UK at some point in their lives. It can happen to anyone, but it's more common in women and often starts when people are young adults.

What are the symptoms?

The main symptoms of IBS include:

• Stomach pain and cramps - this is usually worse before you go to the toilet and gets better afterwards
• Bloating - your tummy feels swollen and uncomfortable
• Changes in your toilet habits - you might get diarrhoea (loose, watery stools), constipation (difficulty going to the toilet), or switch between both
• Wind and gas
• Feeling like you haven't completely emptied your bowels

These symptoms often come and go. You might feel fine for weeks or months, then have a flare-up where symptoms get worse.

When to see your GP

You should speak to your GP if:

• You have ongoing stomach pain or changes in your toilet habits
• Your symptoms are affecting your daily life
• You're worried about your symptoms

Red flag symptoms - get help urgently

See your GP urgently or go to A&E if you have:

• Blood in your stools (poo)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe pain that gets worse
• A fever with stomach pain
• Vomiting that won't stop

These symptoms are not typical of IBS and need urgent medical attention.

What causes IBS?

Doctors don't know exactly what causes IBS, but it seems to be linked to:

• How sensitive your gut is
• How food moves through your digestive system
• Stress and mental health
• Family history - it can run in families
• Infections in your gut

Living with IBS

IBS is usually a long-term condition, which means it doesn't go away completely. However, most people can manage their symptoms well with the right approach.

Common ways to help manage IBS include:

• Diet changes - keeping a food diary to spot trigger foods
• Stress management - since stress can make symptoms worse
• Regular exercise - this can help your digestive system work better
• Good sleep habits
• Medicine - your GP can prescribe treatments to help with specific symptoms

Getting support

Living with IBS can be frustrating, especially when symptoms flare up. Remember that it's a real medical condition, and you're not alone. Your GP can help you find the right combination of treatments that work for you.

Many people with IBS live normal, active lives once they learn how to manage their symptoms.

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Based on NHS.uk guidance. Written by Dr Krishnan Pasupathi, NHS GP.