Metabolic Syndrome

What does it mean?

Metabolic syndrome isn't one illness - it's the name doctors use when you have several health problems together. These problems make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes or heart and blood vessel disease.

The word "metabolic" relates to how your body uses food for energy. It's completely different from rare genetic conditions that are also called metabolic disorders.

How would I know if I have it?

Most people don't feel unwell with metabolic syndrome. You usually only find out through blood tests or health check-ups with your GP.

Your doctor might think you have metabolic syndrome if you have several of these problems:

• High blood pressure
• High blood sugar levels
• Too much fat around your waist
• High levels of fats in your blood (like cholesterol)
• Your body not responding properly to insulin (a hormone that controls blood sugar)

Who gets metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is very common. Doctors don't know exactly what causes it, but you're more likely to get it if you:

• Are overweight, especially around your middle
• Eat lots of fatty foods (particularly saturated fats)
• Don't exercise much
• Have a Hispanic or South Asian background
• Smoke
• Drink lots of alcohol
• Are getting older

What tests might I need?

If your GP thinks you might have metabolic syndrome, they will:

• Ask about your health and your family's health
• Measure your weight, height and waist
• Check your blood pressure
• Arrange blood tests to check your blood sugar and cholesterol levels

You might need to avoid eating or drinking anything except water for up to 12 hours before your blood test.

How is it treated?

The main treatment is changing your lifestyle. Your GP might also offer medicines to help with:

• Weight loss
• Blood sugar control
• Cholesterol levels
• Blood pressure

What can I do to help myself?

The best way to prevent metabolic syndrome - or stop it getting worse - is through healthy living:

Do:

• Try to lose weight if you're overweight
• Eat less saturated fat (found in fatty meat and full-fat dairy)
• Eat more fruit, vegetables and whole grains
• Do at least 150 minutes of exercise each week, spread over 4-5 days
• Try to cut down or stop smoking

Don't:

• Sit still for long periods

What problems can it cause?

Having metabolic syndrome makes you more likely to develop:

• Heart disease and stroke
• Type 2 diabetes
• Fatty liver disease (not caused by alcohol)
• Joint problems (arthritis)
• Gout
• Some types of cancer
• Fertility problems

When should I see my GP?

Speak to your GP if you think you might be at risk of metabolic syndrome, especially if you have several risk factors.

Remember, many people with metabolic syndrome feel completely well, so regular health checks are important.

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Based on NHS.uk guidance. Written by Dr Krishnan Pasupathi, NHS GP.