Panic Attacks

What is a panic attack?

A panic attack is when you suddenly feel very frightened or worried for no clear reason. Your body reacts as if you're in danger, even when you're safe. It's like your alarm system going off when there's no fire.

These attacks can happen to anyone, but some people get them regularly. When this happens a lot, doctors call it "panic disorder".

What does a panic attack feel like?

During a panic attack, you might notice:

• Your heart beating very fast
• Feeling dizzy or faint
• Sweating a lot
• Feeling sick in your stomach
• Pain in your chest
• Finding it hard to breathe
• Shaking or trembling
• Feeling very hot or very cold
• Your hands or feet feeling tingly or numb
• Feeling like you might die or something terrible will happen
• Feeling like you're not really in your body

These feelings are very scary, but panic attacks cannot actually hurt you. Most attacks last between 5 and 20 minutes.

Why do panic attacks happen?

Doctors aren't completely sure what causes panic attacks, but they think it might be because of:

• Something very stressful happening in your life
• Other family members having panic attacks
• Changes in brain chemicals that control mood

What to do during a panic attack

If you feel a panic attack starting:

• Stay where you are - don't try to run away
• Breathe slowly and deeply - try counting to 4 as you breathe in, then 4 as you breathe out
• Remember it will end - attacks don't last forever
• Think of something calm - like a peaceful place you've been
• Tell yourself you're safe - the attack can't hurt you

When to speak to your GP

You should speak to your GP if:

• You're having panic attacks regularly
• You're worried about having more attacks
• The attacks are stopping you from doing normal activities
• You're avoiding places because you fear having an attack

Your GP can help work out what's causing your symptoms and suggest treatments.

How can panic attacks be treated?

There are good treatments available:

Talking therapy: This is called CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy). A therapist helps you understand your panic attacks and teaches you ways to cope better.

Medicine: Your GP might suggest antidepressants or other medicines that can help reduce panic attacks.

Self-help: Regular exercise, avoiding too much caffeine and alcohol, and learning relaxation techniques can all help.

Getting help

Remember, panic attacks are very common and treatable. You don't have to cope alone. Support groups can help you meet other people who understand what you're going through.

Organizations like Anxiety UK, Mind, and No Panic offer support and information.

The most important thing is to speak to your GP if panic attacks are affecting your life. They can help you find the right treatment to feel better.

---

Based on NHS.uk guidance. Written by Dr Krishnan Pasupathi, NHS GP.